Over-reduction in tooth preparation

Diagnostically Based Protocol for Tooth Preparation

Histological preparation of teeth and tooth growth

Background: Traditional techniques for preparation of teeth for histological analysis include: 1) Ground section of non-decalcified tooth and view by polarized light. 2) Decalcify the tooth and then section and stain as per soft tissue. 3) Cryomicrotomy -non-decalcified tooth is immersed rapidly in liquid nitrogen and sectioned with a cryostat using a heavy-duty freezing microtome. Objectives: ...

Diagonal Matrix Reduction over Refinement Rings

  Abstract: A ring R is called a refinement ring if the monoid of finitely generated projective R- modules is refinement.  Let R be a commutative refinement ring and M, N, be two finitely generated projective R-nodules, then M~N  if and only if Mm ~Nm for all maximal ideal m of  R. A rectangular matrix A over R admits diagonal reduction if there exit invertible matrices p and Q such that PAQ is...

Rectifying the Tooth Preparation Errors in All-Ceramic Restorations

All-ceramic restorations have been used for long as restorative material in dentistry. However, the recent advances in both the material and technology of all-ceramic have made them a more viable treatment option. Several practitioners hesitate in giving this option to patient for fear of failure. This article describes all the failures of all-ceramic material and how to prevent them. In partic...

Slowing Replication in Preparation for Reduction

Meiosis reduces the ploidy of the genome to generate haploid gametes for sexual reproduction. As gametes are portals for the generational transfer of genetic material, it is imperative that the genome is copied accurately and that chromosomes segregate equally into each haploid gamete. Proper chromosome segregation requires the formation of specialized chromosome axes to create and maintain an ...